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1.
Int. j. morphol ; 41(2): 612-617, abr. 2023. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1440300

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY: World Taekwondo (WT) as an Olympic sport gained much more attention than before, and there is a growing need for precise and specific profiles of successful taekwondo competitors. Aim of this investigation was to determine body composition, somatotype, and selected anthropometric parameters/indexes of elite taekwondo champions and medal winners on the most demanding taekwondo tournaments in the World. The sample for this research consisted of n=16 (n=4 male; n=12 female) elite taekwondo champions, n=8 juniors and n=8 seniors, who were European (n=13), and World (n=3) champions of European descent. Data was collected longitudinally for seven years since 2015. Obtained results revealed specific (absolute) phenotype of taekwondo champions, following: PI (11.50 female; 11.85 male), HWR (43.96 female; 44.47 male) and BMI (19.96 female; 22.04 male). Further analysis shows that champions have greater values of body height, and have slightly greater ectomorphy and mesomorphy values in regard to other elite competitors. Presented research is the first publication of referent values for the general anthropometric dataset, and such results represent the anthropometric variability of European WT champions.


World Taekwondo (TW) como deporte olímpico ha logrado una mayor importancia, y existe una creciente necesidad de contar con perfiles precisos y específicos de competidores exitosos de TW. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la composición corporal, el somatotipo y parámetros/índices antropométricos seleccionados de campeones de TW de élite y los ganadores de medallas en los torneos de TW más exigentes del mundo. La muestra para esta investigación consistió en n=16 (n=4 hombres; n=12 mujeres) campeones de TW de élite, n=8 juniors y n=8 seniors, que eran europeos (n=13) y mundiales (n=3), campeones de ascendencia europea. Los datos se recopilaron longitudinalmente durante siete años desde 2015. Los resultados obtenidos revelaron un fenotipo específico (absoluto) de los campeones de TW, a continuación: PI (11,50 mujeres; 11,85 hombres), HWR (43,96 mujeres; 44,47 hombres) e IMC (19,96 mujeres; 22,04 hombres). Un análisis más detallado muestra que los campeones tienen mayores valores de altura corporal y tienen valores de ectomorfia y mesomorfia ligeramente mayores con respecto a otros competidores de élite. La investigación presentada es la primera publicación de valores de referencia para el conjunto de datos antropométricos generales, y dichos resultados representan la variabilidad antropométrica de los campeones europeos de TW.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Anthropometry , Martial Arts , Somatotypes , Physical Fitness , Europe
2.
Int. j. morphol ; 41(2): 634-639, abr. 2023. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1440310

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY: Parietal foramina of the human skull act as a passageway for emissary veins, connecting the superior sagittal sinus to the veins of the scalp. This passageway can lead to the spread of infection from the scalp to the dural venous sinuses, but may also assist in relieving intracranial pressure. However, variation in the prevalence of parietal foramina has been noted among population groups. This observational and descriptive study aimed to determine the incidence, size and location of parietal foramina by using osteological specimens of 252 African skulls from the Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, South Africa and 95 European skulls from the University of Leipzig, Germany. Parietal foramina were significantly more common in the African sample (61.9 %) compared to the European sample (55.8 %). Moreover, the Central European sample displayed more unilateral foramina (29.5 %), while the African sample exhibited more bilateral foramina (40.8 %). The diameter of the parietal foramen average 1.98 mm and 1.88 mm for the European and African samples, respectively. In this study, a median foramen on the sagittal suture was observed in 14 of the overall skull caps (4 %). This study demonstrated that parietal foramina are more prevalent than anticipated in both population groups. Findings of this study, indicating an increased prevalence, and the subsequent possibility of more emissary veins encountered, can be used to improve the understanding of the variations in the prevalence and clinical implications of the parietal foramen among various population groups located world-wide.


Los forámenes parietales del cráneo humano actúan como una vía para las venas emisarias, conectando el seno sagital superior con las venas del cuero cabelludo. Este pasaje puede conducir a la propagación de infecciones desde el epicráneo (calva) hasta los senos venosos durales, pero también puede ayudar a aliviar la presión intracraneal. Sin embargo, se ha observado una variación en la prevalencia de los forámenes parietales entre los grupos de población. Este estudio observacional y descriptivo tuvo como objetivo determinar la incidencia, el tamaño y la ubicación de los forámenes parietales mediante el uso de muestras osteológicas de 252 cráneos africanos de la Universidad de Ciencias de la Salud Sefako Makgatho, Sudáfrica, y 95 cráneos europeos de la Universidad de Leipzig, Alemania. Los forámenes parietales fueron significativamente más comunes en la muestra africana (61,9 %) en comparación con la muestra europea (55,8 %). Además, la muestra centroeuropea mostró más forámenes unilaterales (29,5 %), mientras que la muestra africana mostró más forámenes bilaterales (40,8 %). El diámetro del foramen parietal promedió 1,98 mm y 1,88 mm para las muestras europeas y africanas, respectivamente. En este estudio, se observó un foramen medio en la sutura sagital en 14 de los cráneos en general (4 %). El estudio demostró que los forámenes parietales son más frecuentes de lo previsto en ambos grupos de población. Los hallazgos de este estudio, que indican una mayor prevalencia y la subsiguiente posibilidad de que se encuentren más venas emisarias, pueden ser útiles para mejorar la comprensión de las variaciones en la prevalencia y las implicaciones clínicas del foramen parietal entre varios grupos de población ubicados en el mundo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Parietal Bone/anatomy & histology , Intracranial Pressure , Africa , Europe
3.
Chinese Journal of Oncology ; (12): 313-321, 2023.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-984724

ABSTRACT

Objective: To analyze the trends of incidence and age change for global female breast cancer in different regions of the world according to the database from Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Time Trends (CI5plus) published by the International Association of Cancer Registries (IACR). Methods: The recorded annual female breast cancer (ICD-10: C50) incidence data and corresponding population at-risk data (1998-2012) were extracted from CI5plus published by IACR. The annual change percentage and average annual change percentage (AAPC) were calculated to examine the trends of incidence. The age-standardized mean age at diagnosis and proportion of incidence cases by age were calculated to analyze the relationship between incidence and age. Results: For crude incidence, except in Northern America, all other regions showed an upward trend, with Asia showing the most obvious upward trend (AAPC: 4.1%, 95% CI: 3.9%, 4.3%). For age-standardized incidence, in Asia, Latin America and Europe, the rising trends had slowed down, in Oceania and Africa, the trends began to be stable, and in Northern America, the trend showed a downward trend (APPC: -0.6%; 95% CI: -1.0%, -0.1%). The mean age at diagnosis were increased from 1998 to 2012 in Asia, Latin America, Oceania and Europe, with an annual increase of 0.12 years, 0.09 years, 0.04 years and 0.03 years, respectively. But after age-standardized, only Europe still kept increasing year by year, with an annual increase of 0.02 years, while Northern America showed a decreasing trend, with an annual decrease of about 0.03 years. Conclusions: From 1998 to 2012, the trends of incidence and age change for global female breast cancer vary in different regions of the world, and the global population aging is widespread, which affects the trend of the actual age change. Prevention and control strategies should be targeted at different age groups in different regions.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology , Incidence , Asia/epidemiology , Europe/epidemiology , Risk Factors
4.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; 29(4): 933-952, oct,-dic. 2022. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1421579

ABSTRACT

Resumo Analisa o pensamento científico do engenheiro politécnico Heinrich August Anton Gerber, contratado pelo governo da província de Minas Gerais de 1858 a 1867. O artigo explora o significado cultural e intelectual das atividades do engenheiro, especialmente a ideia de criação de empresa privada no setor da infraestrutura viária, bem como a mediação para importação de instrumentos científicos e livros. Os resultados também indicam que Gerber participa do envio de brasileiros para estudar engenharia em Paris. Este texto investiga as trocas culturais entre Brasil e Europa, a aplicação do conhecimento científico e o encontro com problemas práticos de ordem econômica e social pelo engenheiro no interior do Império do Brasil.


Abstract This article analyzes the scientific thinking of the German polytechnic engineer Heinrich August Anton Gerber, who was employed by Minas Gerais province from 1858 to 1867. We explore the cultural and intellectual significance of his activities, particularly the idea of creating a private company within the roadway infrastructure sector and his mediating role in the importation of scientific instruments and books. Gerber also appears to have been part of efforts to send Brazilians to study engineering in Paris. Cultural exchanges between Brazil and Europe are investigated, along with the application of scientific knowledge and his encounters with practical economic and social challenges in the interior of the Empire of Brazil.


Subject(s)
Cross-Cultural Comparison , Private Sector/history , Engineering , Transit-Oriented Development , Brazil , History, 19th Century , Europe
5.
Pensar Prát. (Online) ; 25Fev. 2022. Tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1426516

ABSTRACT

O judô é uma das modalidade esportivas dos Jogos Paralímpicos e é exclusivo para pessoas com deficiência visual. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar as estratégias de ensino adotadas por professores dessa modalidade de diferentes países. Esta pesquisa quantitativa utilizou o método survey com escala Likert de 5 pontos. A amostra foi formada por 20 professores de 11 países das Américas e Europa. Como resultado, constatou-se que todos os professores participantes mesclam em sua atuação profissional aspectos tradicionais e inovadores, porém com maior ênfase nos inovadores (p<0.05). Os materiais mais utilizados nas aulas foram: cordas (25%), bolas (23,3%) e panos (11,6%). Esperamos que esta pesquisa2 possa contribuir com futuros professores de judô paralímpico possibilitando novas perspectivas e reflexões (AU).


Judo is a sport of the Paralympic Games and is exclusively for people with visual impairments. The objective of this research was to analyze the teaching strategies adopted by coaches of paralympic judo from different countries. This quantitative research used the survey me-thod with a 5-point Likert scale. The sample consisted of 20 coaches from 11 countries. As a result, it was found that all teachers mix traditional and innovative aspects in their professional performance, but with a greater emphasis on innovators (p <0.05). The most used materials mentioned were: strings (25%) balls (23.3%) and cloths (11.6%). We hope that this re-search can contribute to future Paralympic judo coaches, enabling new perspectives and reflections (AU)


El judo es una de las modalidades deportivas de los Juegos Paralímpicos y es exclusivamente para personas con discapacidad visual. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar las estrategias de enseñan-za adoptadas por docentes de esta modalidad de diferentes países. Esta investigación cuantitativa utilizó el método de encuesta con una escala Likert de 5 puntos. La muestra estuvo formada por 20 profesores de 11 países. Como resultado, se encontró que todos los docentes mezclan as-pectos tradicionales e innovadores en su desempeño profesional, pero con un mayor énfasis en los innovadores (p <0.05). Los materiales más uti-lizados mencionados fueron: cuerdas (25%) bolas (23,3%) y telas (11,6%). Esperamos que esta investigación pueda contribuir a los futuros profeso-res de judo paralímpico, posibilitando nuevas perspectivas y reflexiones (AU).


Subject(s)
Humans , Play and Playthings , Sports/education , Martial Arts , Visually Impaired Persons , Faculty , Teaching , Americas , Europe
7.
Chinese Journal of Cardiology ; (12): 386-394, 2022.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-935158

ABSTRACT

Objective: To summarize the clinical characteristics of patients with Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) from China and compare these features with patients from Europe/North America. Methods: We reviewed case reports published between 1990 and 2020 with the key words of "Takotsubo syndrome" "stress cardiomyopathy" "apical balloon syndrome" and "broken heart syndrome", in Wanfang, CNKI, Pubmed and Web of Science databases, and 1 294 articles were identified, including 128 articles reporting 163 cases in China and 1 166 articles reporting 1 256 cases in Europe/North America. The characteristics of demographics, triggers, symptoms, electrocardiogram, echocardiography, left ventriculogram,coronary angiography, treatment and prognosis were analyzed and compared between Chinese and European/North American cases. Results: A total of 1 294 articles (1 419 cases: 163 from China, 1 256 from Europe/North America) were included in the final analysis. The characteristics of Chinese cases included: (1) demographic:the age was (59.6±16.9) years, which was similar with that of European/North American ((59.7±17.4) years, P=0.90), and female accounting for 78.5% (128/163), which was lower than that of European/North American (85.4% (1 073/1 256), P=0.02). (2) Triggers:mental triggers accounted for 48.5% (79/163), physical triggers accounted for 43.6% (71/163), and no triggers accounted for 7.9% (13/163), respectively. Compared with Europe/North America, the ratio of patients with mental triggers was higher in China, while the ratio of patients with physical triggers and no triggers was lower (P<0.05). (3) Symptoms: chest pain (52.8% (86/163)), chest tightness (35.0% (57/163)), shortness of breath (33.1% (54/163)), dizziness (16.0% (26/163)), sweating (15.3% (25/163)), palpitations (12.3% (20/163)), syncope (9.2% (15/163)) abdominal pain/diarrhea (8.6% (14/163)), hypotension (7.4% (12/163)), and fatigue (1.2% (2/163)) were illustrated in sequence. Compared with patients in Europe/North America, the ratio of patients with chest tightness, dizziness, sweating, palpitations, abdominal pain/diarrhea was higher in Chinese patients, while the ratio of patients with hypotension was lower in Chinese patients (P<0.05). (4) Electrocardiogram: main manifestations were myocardial ischemia symptoms, such as ST-segment elevation (63.8% (104/163)), T wave inversion (46.0% (75/163)), ST-segment depression (8.6% (14/163)). Compared with European/North American, the ratio of patients with ST-segment elevation, T wave inversion, and atrioventricular block was higher in Chinese patients (P<0.05). (5) Echocardiography and imaging:apical dyskinesia (59.5% (97/163)) and apical/left ventricular bulbar dilation (36.2%(59/163)) dominated the echocardiography findings. Compared with European/North American, the ratio of patients with apical dyskinesia, apical/left ventricular bulbar dilation, and mitral regurgitation was higher in Chinese patients, while the ratio of patients with dyskinesia in other parts and left ventricular ejection fraction<50% was lower in Chinese patients (P<0.05). Left ventricular angiography showed 36.2% (59/163) of apical dyskinesia in Chinese patients, which was higher than that reported in European/North American patients, and 38.7% (63/163) of apical/left ventricular bulbar dilation was reported in Chinese patients, which was similar to that reported in European/North American patients. Coronary angiography showed percent of no stenosis or stenosis less than 50% was 87.1% (142/163), which was similar to that reported in European/North American patients (P>0.05). The typical type of TTS accounted for 96.3% (157/163), which was significantly higher than that reported in European/ American patients, while the ratio of basal type and midventricular type was lower (P<0.01). (6) Treatment and prognosis:the applied drugs in China were listed in order as following, β-blockers (41.1% (67/163)), antiplatelet agents (37.4%(61/163)), ACEI/ARB (36.2%(59/163)), anticoagulants (27.0%(44/163)), diuretics (19.6% (32/163)), etc. Compared with Europe/North America, the ratio of antiplatelet agents, anticoagulants, statins, diuretics, and nitrates use was higher in China (P<0.05), while the use of oxygen therapy and IABP was similar (P>0.05). The hospital mortality in China was 5.5% (9/163), during 1-year follow-up the recurrence rate was 3.7% (6/163) and the mortality was 0. The prognosis was similar with that in Europe/North America. Conclusions: Compared with TTS cases in Europe/North America, TTS cases in China also occur usually in middle-aged and elderly women, most of whom have mental/physical triggers and typical imaging manifestations, followed by a low hospital mortality rate and recurrence rate.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Abdominal Pain/complications , Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists , Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors , Anticoagulants , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/complications , China/epidemiology , Diuretics , Dizziness/complications , Dyskinesias/complications , Electrocardiography , Europe/epidemiology , Hypotension/complications , Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors , Stroke Volume , Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy/etiology , Ventricular Function, Left
8.
Rev. Esc. Enferm. USP ; 56: e20220104, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1406762

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the perception of culture and experience of working in European health services of a purposive sample of qualified migrant and ethnic minority nurses currently living in Belgium, Portugal, Spain and Turkey. Method: A qualitative phenomenological method was chosen. Individual interviews took place with 8 qualified migrant and ethnic minority nurses currently living in four European countries. Thematic analysis was conducted using Braun and Clark's stages after qualitative data had been verbatim transcribed, translated into English, and analyzed Results: Four themes and 4 subthemes emerged from thematic analysis of the transcripts. Conclusion: Migrant and ethnic minority nurses working in the European Union experience and witness discrimination and prejudice from patients and colleagues due to cultural differences. European health services should closely monitor and address discrimination and prejudice towards migrant and ethnic minority staff and patients, and take initiatives to reduce and, eventually, eradicate them.


RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a percepção da cultura e experiência de trabalho em serviços de saúde europeus de uma amostra intencional de enfermeiros qualificados migrantes e de minorias étnicas que moram atualmente na Bélgica, Portugal, Espanha e Turquia. Método: Optou-se pelo método fenomenológico qualitativo. Realizaram-se entrevistas individuais com 8 enfermeiros qualificados migrantes e de minorias étnicas que moram atualmente em quatro países europeus. A análise temática foi realizada por meio das etapas de Braun e Clark após os dados qualitativos terem sido transcritos na íntegra, traduzidos para o inglês e analisados. Resultados: Quatro temas e 4 subtemas emergiram da análise temática das transcrições. Conclusão: Enfermeiros migrantes e de minorias étnicas que trabalham na União Europeia vivenciam e testemunham discriminação e preconceito de pacientes e colegas devido a diferenças culturais. Os serviços de saúde europeus devem acompanhar de perto e combater a discriminação e o preconceito contra os trabalhadores e pacientes migrantes e de minorias étnicas, e tomar iniciativas para os reduzir e, em seguida, erradicá-los.


RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar la percepción de la cultura y la experiencia de trabajar en los servicios de salud europeos de una muestra intencional de enfermeros calificados de minorías étnicas y migrantes que actualmente viven en Bélgica, Portugal, España y Turquía. Método: Se decidió utilizar un método cualitativo fenomenológico. Se realizaron entrevistas individuales con 8 enfermeros calificados inmigrantes y de minorías étnicas que actualmente viven en cuatro países europeos. El análisis temático se realizó utilizando las etapas de Braun y Clark después de que los datos cualitativos fueran transcritos palabra por palabra, traducidos al inglés y analizados. Resultados: Del análisis temático de las transcripciones surgieron 4 temas y 4 subtemas. Conclusión: Los enfermeros de minorías étnicas y migrantes que trabajan en la Unión Europea experimentan y son testigos de la discriminación y de los prejuicios de los pacientes y colegas sobre la base de la diferencia cultural. Los servicios de salud europeos deben monitorear de cerca y abordar la discriminación y los prejuicios hacia el personal y los pacientes de minorías étnicas y migrantes, y tomar iniciativas para reducirlos y, eventualmente, erradicarlos.


Subject(s)
Nursing , Cultural Diversity , Europe , Ambulatory Care , Health Equity , Qualitative Research , Cultural Competency
9.
Psicol. ciênc. prof ; 42(spe): e263587, 2022.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1386984

ABSTRACT

A constituição da psicologia como profissão e área acadêmico-científica se nutriu de saberes psicológicos presentes no campo cultural. A ciência e a profissão desdobram tais saberes em atenção a demandas do campo social. Quando esses conhecimentos, práticas e demandas são ingênua ou intencionalmente tomados como gerais e universais, há o risco de se reproduzir violências epistêmicas, eliminando as oportunidades de partilha e contribuição dos diversos pontos de vista culturalmente situados na construção daquilo que, desdobrando tradições greco-romanas, judaicas e cristãs vem sendo nomeado como psicologia. Diante dos 60 anos da regulamentação da Psicologia no Brasil, embora nas últimas décadas tenha havido algum esforço de escuta das demandas indígenas, em Pindorama ainda há um longo percurso para que as contribuições desses povos impliquem profundas retificações semânticas, implicando revisões conceituais e teórico-práticas. Este artigo defende que qualificar a psicologia como indígena visa oportunizar o diálogo de indígenas psicólogas e psicólogos, e quaisquer pessoas interessadas em refletir sobre o enraizamento dos conhecimentos e práticas psicológicas nas tradições que os originaram.(AU)


As a profession and academic-scientific area, Psychology was nourished by psychological knowledge that circulate on the cultural sphere, which the discipline unfolds in practices to meet social demands. When this knowledge, these practices and demands are naively or intentionally taken as universal, we risk reproducing epistemic violence, suppressing opportunities for sharing and contribution by different points of view culturally situated in the construction of what, based on Greco-Roman, Jewish and Christian traditions has been called psychology. Sixty years after the regulation of Psychology in Brazil, despite the efforts made in the last decades to listen to the Indigenous demands, Pindorama has a long way to go before these contributions ensue deep semantic ramifications, leading to conceptual and theoretical-practical revisions. This paper argues that qualifying psychology as Indigenous aims to provide opportunities for dialogue for indigenous psychologists, other psychologists, and anyone interested in reflecting on the diverse roots of psychological practices.(AU)


La constitución de la Psicología en tanto profesión y campo académico-científico estuvo conformada de saberes psicológicos presentes en el campo cultural. La ciencia y la profesión despliegan tales saberes en atención a las demandas del campo social. Cuando estos saberes, prácticas y demandas son considerados ingenua o intencionalmente como generales y universales, existe un riesgo de reproducir violencias epistémicas, eliminando oportunidades para compartir y aportar desde los diferentes puntos de vista culturalmente situados en la construcción de lo que desde tradiciónes griegas, romanas, judías y cristianas se viene nombrando la Psicología. Frente a los 60 años de regulación de la Psicología en Brasil, si bien en las últimas décadas hubo algún esfuerzo por escuchar las demandas indígenas, en Pindorama aún queda un largo camino por recorrer para que los aportes de estos pueblos impliquen profundas correcciones semánticas y revisiones conceptuales, teóricas y prácticas. Este artículo argumenta que calificar la Psicología como indígena pretende brindar espacios de diálogo entre psicólogas y psicólogos indígenas, y los demás interesados en reflexionar sobre el arraigo de las prácticas psicológicas en diferentes tradiciones.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , History, 16th Century , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Psychology , Social Behavior , Violence , Communication , Knowledge , Indigenous Culture , Ethnocentrism , Thinking , Brazil , Cultural Diversity , Europe , Indigenous Peoples , Health Occupations , Latin America , Persons
10.
Pensar mov ; 19(2)dic. 2021.
Article in Portuguese | SaludCR, LILACS | ID: biblio-1386764

ABSTRACT

Resumo Petroni de Senzi Barreira, C., da Silva Musa, V. e Pereira Morato, M. (2021). Eficácia dos sistemas defensivos em superioridade e igualdade numérica no handebol: panorama de uma competição europeia. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 19(2), 1-13. As ações e escolhas realizadas durante a fase defensiva no handebol podem ser determinantes para os resultados das partidas. Análises abordando essa fase do jogo vêm sendo realizadas para identificar aspectos determinantes e que possam auxiliar no planejamento e treinamentos das equipes. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a influência das relações numéricas nos sistemas defensivos fechados e abertos no handebol de alto nível. Para isso foram analisados 12 jogos do campeonato europeu de handebol de clubes, cujo instrumento de análise permitiu identificar a relação numérica do jogo (superioridade ou igualdade numérica defensiva) e quantificar os resultados (GO: gol; NG: não-gol; PP: perda de posse da bola) e os locais em que se encerraram as ações ofensivas. Foi utilizado o teste qui-quadrado para análise dos dados. Os resultados apontaram semelhanças para a conclusão do ataque mediante situações de igualdade com a utilização dos sistemas fechados (GO = 47.3%; NG = 33.6%; PP = 19.1%) e dos sistemas abertos (GO = 46.0%; NG = 34.3%; PP = 19.7%). Para essa situação, demonstrou-se que a utilização dos sistemas fechados provoca o encerramento da posse mais distante do gol (9m- = 56.9%; 9m+ = 43.1%), quando comparado à utilização dos sistemas abertos (9m- = 64.5%; 9m+ = 35.5%). Em situações de superioridade numérica defensiva a utilização dos sistemas abertos (GO = 28.6%; NG = 53.6%; PP = 17.9%), quando comparados aos sistemas fechados (GO = 49.3%; NG = 29.6%; PP = 21.1%), apresentou maior eficácia nos resultados das ações. Além disso, as sequências se encerraram mais distantes do gol quando foram utilizados sistemas abertos (9m- = 42.9%; 9m+ = 57.1%) em comparação aos sistemas fechados (9m- = 68.3%; 9m+ = 31.7%). Conclui-se que a escolha do sistema defensivo deve ser pautada no modelo de jogo da equipe e nas relações recorrentes do jogo, nos momentos de igualdade numérica (mais frequentes). Porém, em momentos de vantagem numérica defensiva limitar o espaço e o tempo para que os atacantes tomem decisões mostra-se como uma estratégia eficaz.


Abstract Petroni de Senzi Barreira, C., da Silva Musa, V. & Pereira Morato, M. (2021). Efficiency of handball defensive systems in numerical equality and superiority: panorama of a european competition. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 19(2), 1-13. Actions taken during the defensive phase in handball can determine match results; therefore, analyzing this phase helps identify key aspects that can assist in team training and planning. The aim of this paper was to analyze the influence of numerical relations on closed and open defense systems in top level handball matches. Twelve matches of the European handball club championship were analyzed, which allowed us to identify the numerical relationship of the game (defensive superiority or equality) and quantify results (GO: goal; NG: non-goal; PP: loss of ball possession) and the sections of the court where offensive actions ended up. A chi-squared test was used for data analysis. Results showed similarities in terms of the attack's conclusion in numerical equality situations, when defense used closed systems (GO = 47.3%; NG = 33.6%; PP = 19.1%) and open systems (GO = 46.0%; NG = 34.3%; PP = 19.7%). For this situation, using closed systems results in losing ball possession further from the goal (9m- = 56.9%; 9m+ = 43.1%), when compared to open systems (9m- = 64.5%; 9m+ = 35.5%). In defensive numerical superiority, using open systems (GO = 28.6%; NG = 53.6%; PP = 17.9%), compared to closed systems (GO = 49.3%; NG = 29.6%; PP = 21.1%) gives more efficient results. In addition, sequences end further from the goal when open systems were used (9m- = 42.9%; 9m+ = 57.1%), compared to closed systems (9m- = 68.3%; 9m+ = 31.7%). It was concluded that the selection of the defensive system should be based on the team's game model and game relationships, especially in situations of numerical equality (more frequent). However, when in defensive numerical advantage, limiting the space and time for attackers to make decisions seems to be an effective strategy.


Resumen Petroni de Senzi Barreira, C., da Silva Musa, V. y Pereira Morato, M. (2021). Eficacia de los sistemas defensivos en superioridad e igualdad numérica en balonmano: panorama de una competición europea. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 19(2), 1-13. Las acciones realizadas durante la fase defensiva en balonmano pueden ser determinantes para los resultados de los partidos, y los análisis en esta fase permiten identificar aspectos clave que pueden ayudar en la planificación y entrenamiento de los equipos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la influencia de las relaciones numéricas en sistemas defensivos cerrados y abiertos en partidos de balonmano de alto nivel. Se analizaron doce partidos del Campeonato de Europa de clubes de Balonmano, cuyo instrumento de análisis permitió identificar la relación numérica del juego (superioridad defensiva o igualdad) y cuantificar los resultados (GO: gol; NG: sin gol; PP: perdida del balón) y regiones de la cancha en las que terminaron las acciones ofensivas. Se utilizó la chi-cuadrado para el análisis de datos. Los resultados mostraron similitudes para la realización del ataque a través de situaciones de igualdad con el uso de sistemas cerrados (GO = 47.3%; NG = 33.6%; PP = 19.1%) y sistemas abiertos (GO = 46.0%; NG = 34.3%; PP = 19.7%). Para esta situación, se demostró que el uso de sistemas cerrados provoca la pérdida del balón más lejos de la portería (9m- = 56.9%; 9m + = 43.1%), cuando se compara con el uso de sistemas abiertos (9m- = 64.5%; 9m + = 35.5%). En superioridad numérica defensiva, el uso de sistemas abiertos (GO = 28.6%; NG = 53.6%; PP = 17.9%), en comparación con sistemas cerrados (GO = 49.3%; NG = 29.6%; PP = 21.1 %), mostró mayor efectividad en los resultados de las acciones. Además, las secuencias terminaron más lejos del objetivo cuando se utilizaron sistemas abiertos (9m- = 42.9%; 9m+ = 57.1%), en comparación con sistemas cerrados (9m- = 68.3%; 9m+ = 31.7%). Se concluyó que la elección del sistema defensivo debe basarse en el modelo de juego del equipo y en las relaciones recurrentes del juego, especialmente en situaciones de igualdad numérica (más frecuentes). Sin embargo, cuando se tiene una ventaja numérica defensiva, limitar el espacio y el tiempo para que los atacantes tomen decisiones parece ser una estrategia eficaz.


Subject(s)
Humans , Sports/statistics & numerical data , Europe
12.
Rev. urug. cardiol ; 36(2): e4002, ago. 2021. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, UY-BNMED, BNUY | ID: biblio-1290002

ABSTRACT

Las enfermedades cardiovasculares representan la primera causa de muerte en el mundo. El manejo de los síndromes coronarios ha avanzado formidablemente en los últimos 50 años, reduciendo el riesgo isquémico, a expensas del consiguiente aumento del riesgo hemorrágico. La Sociedad Europea de Cardiología publicó en el año 2020 la guía sobre el manejo de síndrome coronario agudo sin elevación del segmento ST, donde se destacan cambios en los algoritmos de estratificación de riesgo y la terapia antiplaquetaria y anticoagulante como dos de los aspectos principales. En el presente editorial se resumen las principales novedades publicadas en este documento.


Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. The management of coronary syndromes has advanced dramatically in the last 50 years, reducing ischemic risk, but observing an increase in bleeding risk. The European Society of Cardiology published in 2020 the guideline on the management of acute coronary syndrome without ST-segment elevation, where changes in risk stratification algorithms and antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy are highlighted as two of the main aspects. This editorial summarizes the main developments published in this document.


A doença cardiovascular é a principal causa de morte em todo o mundo. O manejo das síndromes coronarianas avançou dramaticamente nos últimos 50 anos, reduzindo o risco isquêmico, mas observando um aumento no risco de sangramento. A Sociedade Europeia de Cardiologia publicou em 2020 a diretriz sobre o manejo da síndrome coronariana aguda sem supradesnivelamento do segmento ST, onde as alterações nos algoritmos de estratificação de risco e na terapia antiplaquetária e anticoagulante são destacadas como dois dos principais aspectos. Este editorial resume os principais desenvolvimentos publicados neste documento.


Subject(s)
Humans , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction/diagnosis , Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction/therapy , Europe
13.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 26(7): 2863-2872, jul. 2021.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1278772

ABSTRACT

Resumo Propõe-se neste ensaio uma reflexão acerca do fenômeno social que envolve comunicação e construção de fatos e de narrativas em torno da ciência e da pandemia. O texto está dividido em quatro momentos. Parte-se de um rápido panorama sobre a desinformação em saúde em um contexto de integração digital global; na sequên cia argumenta-se sobre como este fenômeno é característico da era pós-factual em que vivemos, situando-se criticamente a negação da ciência no contexto pandêmico. Por fim, são trazidas proposições no campo jurídico e institucional comentando avanços recentes nos Estados Unidos e na Europa. Pretende-se contribuir para uma reflexão inicial que possa reposicionar o papel da ciência na governança em saúde.


Abstract This essay proposes a reflection on the social phenomenon that involves communication and construction of facts and narratives around science and the pandemic. We divide the text into four parts. It begins with a rapid overview on the disinformation over health in the context of the global digital integration: in the sequence, we argue about how this phenomenon is characteristic of the post-factual era in which we live, and then critically situate the denial of science in the pandemic context. Finally, the text discusses some propositions on the legal and institutional field commenting on recent advances in the United States and Europe. Our intention is to contribute to an initial reflection that can reposition science in health governance.


Subject(s)
Humans , Social Media , COVID-19 , Europe/epidemiology , Pandemics , SARS-CoV-2
14.
Gac. méd. Méx ; 157(3): 281-287, may.-jun. 2021. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1346108

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: En diciembre de 2019 surgió un nuevo coronavirus en Wuhan, China, que se ha convertido en un problema de salud global. Objetivo: Estimar cuántos fallecimientos diarios atribuibles a COVID-19 por cada 100 000 habitantes se podrían haber evitado si se hubiese llevado a cabo cada una de las cinco medidas restrictivas al momento del diagnóstico del primer caso, así como estimar un modelo de regresión lineal múltiple predictivo del número de fallecimientos por cada 100 000 habitantes. Métodos: Se realizó un modelo de regresión lineal simple entre los días transcurridos desde el primer caso diagnosticado de COVID-19, la implantación de cada una de las cinco medidas llevadas a cabo por los 39 países europeos estudiados, el número de camas hospitalarias por 1000 habitantes (variables independientes) y el número de fallecimientos por COVID-19 por 100 000 habitantes. Resultados: Por cada día transcurrido desde el primer caso notificado de COVID-19 hasta la adopción de las medidas restrictivas, fallecieron entre 0.611 (p = 0.004) y 1.863 (p = 0.000) pacientes por cada 100 000 habitantes, dependiendo de la medida implementada. Conclusiones: Las medidas restrictivas y el distanciamiento social, así como la celeridad de su instauración, son necesarios para lograr el descenso del número de contagios de COVID-19 y su mortalidad.


Abstract Introduction: In December 2019, a new coronavirus emerged in Wuhan, China, which has become a global health problem. Objectives: To estimate how many daily COVID-19 deaths per 100,000 population could have been avoided if each one of five restrictive measures had been implemented at the time the first case was diagnosed, and to estimate a multiple linear regression model predictive of the number of deaths per 100,000 population. Methods: A simple linear regression was performed between the days elapsed since the first COVID-19 diagnosed case, implementation of each one of the five restrictive measures carried out by the 39 European studied countries, the number of hospital beds per 1,000 population (independent variables) and the number of COVID-19 deaths per 100,000 population. Results: For each day elapsed from the first COVID-19 reported case to the adoption of restrictive measures, between 0.611 (p = 0.004) and 1.863 (p = 0.000) patients died per 100,000 population, depending on the implemented measure. Conclusions: Restrictive measures and social distancing, as well as promptness of their implementation, are necessary for achieving a decrease in COVID-19 infections and mortality.


Subject(s)
Humans , Physical Distancing , COVID-19/prevention & control , Time Factors , Linear Models , Europe/epidemiology , COVID-19/mortality , COVID-19/epidemiology
15.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 26(6): 2253-2270, jun. 2021. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1278691

ABSTRACT

Resumo Este artigo objetivou revisar os estudos de biomonitoramento humano (BMH) que avaliaram a exposição a chumbo (Pb), cádmio (Cd), mercúrio (Hg), níquel (Ni), arsênio (As) e manganês (Mn) em adultos residentes próximo a áreas industriais. Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática, sem limite de data inicial até dezembro de 2017, utilizando a base de dados da MEDLINE e a BVS. Foram incluídos estudos originais em inglês, português ou espanhol, com uso de sangue e/ou urina como biomarcador. Os artigos foram avaliados pelos critérios metodológicos, incluindo-se estudos com grupo de comparação e/ou amostragem probabilística. Dos 28 estudos incluídos, 54% foram realizados na Europa, 36% na Ásia, 7% na América do Norte e 4% na África. Fundições, metalúrgicas e siderúrgicas foram as indústrias mais estudadas. Urina e sangue foram usados em 82% e 50% dos estudos, respectivamente. Os elementos mais investigados foram Cd, Pb e As. Embora com metodologias heterogêneas, em geral, os estudos observaram maiores concentrações de metais em expostos, especialmente As e Hg, do que nos grupos de comparação. Esta revisão evidencia a necessidade de estudos de BMH com maior rigor metodológico, reforçando a importância da vigilância em saúde de populações expostas a metais tóxicos, sobretudo nos países em desenvolvimento.


Abstract This study aimed to review studies of human biomonitoring (HBM) that evaluated exposure to lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), arsenic (As) and manganese (Mn) in adults living close to industrial areas. A systematic review of studies was selected, without initial date limit through to December 2017, from the MEDLINE and BVS databases. Original studies in English, Portuguese or Spanish conducted among the adult population using blood and/or urine as biomarkers were included. The articles were evaluated according to methodological criteria, including studies with comparison groups and/or probabilistic sampling. Of the 28 studies selected, 54% were conducted in Europe, 36% in Asia, 7% in North America and 4% in Africa. Foundries, metal works and steel mills were the most frequently studied. Urine and blood were used in 82% and 50% of studies, respectively. The elements most investigated were Cd, Pb and As. Despite using heterogeneous methodologies, the results revealed higher metal concentrations, especially from As and Hg in general, than in the comparison group. This review highlights the need for more rigorous methodological studies of HBM, stressing the importance of public health vigilance among populations exposed to toxic metals, especially in developing countries.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Arsenic/analysis , Mercury/analysis , Cadmium/analysis , Environmental Monitoring , Europe , Lead/analysis
16.
Washington; Organización Panamericana de la Salud; abr. 7, 2021. 5 p.
Non-conventional in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1177307

ABSTRACT

En las campañas de vacunación, como en la actual situación de COVID-19, es habitual que los países señalen posibles efectos adversos después de la vacunación. Esto no significa necesariamente que los eventos estén relacionados con la vacunación en sí, pero es necesario investigarlos. También muestra que el sistema de vigilancia funciona y que existen controles efectivos. La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) está en contacto regular con la Agencia Europea de Medicamentos (EMA) y otras autoridades reguladoras del mundo para obtener la información más reciente sobre la seguridad de todas las vacunas para COVID-19.


Subject(s)
Humans , Pneumonia, Viral/immunology , Viral Vaccines/adverse effects , Coronavirus Infections/immunology , Upper Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis/chemically induced , Pandemics/prevention & control , Betacoronavirus/immunology , Drug Monitoring/adverse effects , Immunization Programs/organization & administration , Europe
17.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 81(1): 91-95, mar. 2021. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1287245

ABSTRACT

Resumen La enfermedad de Whipple es una enfermedad multisistémica crónica, causada por la bacteria Tropherima whipplei. Se han descripto aproximadamente 1200 casos en la literatura. La incidencia mundial se estima en 9.8 casos por millón de personas. Los datos provenientes de Sudamérica y Europa muestran que afecta a varones de mediana edad. Se cree que los factores inmunológicos del huésped son los que influyen en el curso de la infección y no el genotipo del agente. Dado que las características clínicas no suelen ser específicas y el espectro de manifestaciones en órganos individuales puede ser subestimado, el diagnóstico sigue siendo muy difícil. Presentamos un caso confirmado por histopatología con compromiso multisistémico. Consideramos importante su difusión dados los escasos casos documentados en Sudamérica y la relevancia de tener presente la sospecha diagnóstica para el abordaje terapéutico precoz que mejora el pronóstico de esta rara enfermedad.


Abstract Whipple's disease is a chronic mutisystem disease caused by the bacteria Tropherima whipplei. Approximately 1200 cases have been described in the literature. The worldwide incidence is estimated at 9.8 cases per million people. Data from South America and Europe show that it affects middle-aged males. It is believed that host immunological factors rather than agent genotypic traits influence the course of the infection. Since the clinical characteristics are usually nonspecific and the wide spectrum of manifestations in individual organs may be underestimated, the diagnosis remains challenging. We present a case with multisystem compromise confirmed by histopathology. We consider its publication important given the few cases documented in South America and the relevance of bearing in mind the importance of an early diagnosis for a prompt treatment that improves the prognosis of this rare disease.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Aged , Hypertension, Pulmonary/diagnosis , Hypertension, Pulmonary/etiology , Whipple Disease/complications , Whipple Disease/diagnosis , Whipple Disease/drug therapy , Europe , Tropheryma , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
18.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet ; 26(1): 7-15, jan. 2021.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1153739

ABSTRACT

Resumo Apresenta-se e discute-se a situação das cuidadoras e dos cuidadores familiares de idosos dependentes. Ressaltam-se sua dedicação, seus problemas e os encaminhamentos para valorizá-los. Sabe-se que a tarefa de cuidar é eminentemente feminina, invisível, não remunerada, que afeta a sociedade como um todo. Descrevem-se as políticas vigentes em alguns países europeus, no Canadá e nos Estados Unidos a favor das cuidadoras e cuidadores. A maioria dos modelos de suporte existentes apresenta lacunas. Leis e regulações criadas têm sido pouco compreensivas, inorgânicas e a família continua a ser a responsável pelos parentes longevos que perderam autonomia. Em vários desses países, além de outras medidas, a tendência é integrar os cuidados familiares como primeiro patamar da atenção básica em saúde, universalizando o apoio aos cuidadores. Não se pode esquecer que a tendência de manter o idoso dependente em casa é uma aquiescência a seu próprio desejo, embora também oculte a delegação de responsabilidade do Estado às famílias por meio das políticas de deshospitalização e desinstitucionalização. No Brasil, o tema ainda não entrou no radar das políticas públicas, embora seja urgente pelo acelerado aumento da população idosa, em particular, que tem 80 anos e mais.


Abstract The situation of caregivers and family caregivers of dependent older adults is presented and discussed, highlighting their dedication, problems, and possible recommendations to value them. The task of caring is known to be eminently feminine, invisible, unpaid, but affects society as a whole. Policies of some European countries, Canada, and the United States in favor of male and female caregivers are described. However, most existing support models have gaps. The laws and regulations enacted have been poorly comprehensive, inorganic, and the family remains responsible for long-lived relatives who have lost their autonomy. In many countries, besides other measures, the tendency is to integrate the family care as the first PHC level, universalizing support to caregivers. One must not be forgotten that the tendency to keep dependent older adults at home is acquiescence to their desire, but it also hides the delegation of responsibility from the State to families through dehospitalization and deinstitutionalization policies. In Brazil, the issue has not yet entered the public policy radar, although it is urgent because of the accelerated increase of the elderly population, particularly those aged 80 and over.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Public Policy , Caregivers , United States , Brazil , Canada , Europe
19.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet ; 26(1): 137-146, jan. 2021.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1153745

ABSTRACT

Resumo Neste ensaio teórico discutem-se políticas sobre cuidados de longa duração para pessoas idosas dependentes. O objetivo é analisar o conteúdo e as estratégias que guiaram a formulação das chamadas "políticas de dependência" em alguns estados europeus, buscando orientações para a realização de ações relativas à mesma questão no caso brasileiro. As bases de conhecimento são documentos oficiais e artigos científicos que descrevem e analisam a institucionalização das propostas. O estudo mostra que os países europeus aqui analisados incluíram as políticas sobre a dependência nos marcos de seu sistema de seguridade social; alguns oferecem proteção total, outros, apenas parcial ao idoso e ao cuidador familiar. Em nenhum deles, a pessoa idosa dependente deixa de receber os cuidados de que precisa. No Brasil, há algumas experiências locais que atendem aos requisitos de atenção integral. São narradas uma de Belo Horizonte e outra de São Paulo. Embora sejam importantes, tais iniciativas não constituem uma política, são casos exitosos que podem evoluir para o aumento da consciência social ou se esvaírem como experiências não institucionalizadas. A questão tratada neste artigo é de grande relevância, pelo fato inexorável do crescimento acelerado da população longeva, a que mais depende do cuidado de terceiros.


Abstract This theoretical essay discusses long-term care policies for dependent older adults. It aims to analyze the content and strategies that guided the formulation of the so-called "dependence policies" in some European states, seeking guidance to formulate actions related to the same issue in the Brazilian case. The knowledge bases are official documents and scientific papers analyzing the institutionalized proposals. The study shows that all the countries investigated included dependence policies within their social security system framework. Some offer total protection, while others only partial protection to older adults and family caregivers. However, older adults and their caregivers never fail to receive the care they need. In Brazil, some local experiences meet comprehensive care requirements. Initiatives of Belo Horizonte and São Paulo are narrated, and while important, they are not policies. They are successful cases that can evolve to increase social awareness or simply disappear as non-institutionalized experiences. The issue addressed in this paper is very relevant, due to the inexorable fact of the accelerated growth of the long-lived population, which requires care from others the most.


Subject(s)
Policy , Brazil , Europe
20.
J. bras. pneumol ; 47(2): e20210044, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1250196

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT On April 1st, 2020, COVID-19 surpassed tuberculosis regarding the number of deaths per day worldwide. The combination of tuberculosis and COVID-19 has great potential for morbidity and mortality. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis. In this review article, we address concurrent tuberculosis and COVID-19, with particular regard to the differences between Brazil and Europe. In addition, we discuss priorities in clinical care, public health, and research.


RESUMO Em 1º de abril de 2020, a COVID-19 ultrapassou a tuberculose em número de óbitos por dia no mundo. A associação da tuberculose com a COVID-19 apresenta grande potencial de morbidade e mortalidade. Além disso, a pandemia de COVID-19 tem tido um impacto significativo no diagnóstico e tratamento da tuberculose. Neste artigo de revisão, abordamos tuberculose e COVID-19 concomitantes, com particular atenção às diferenças entre Brasil e Europa. Além disso, discutimos as prioridades em atendimento clínico, saúde pública e pesquisa.


Subject(s)
Humans , Tuberculosis/diagnosis , Tuberculosis/drug therapy , Tuberculosis/epidemiology , COVID-19 , Brazil/epidemiology , Europe/epidemiology , Pandemics , SARS-CoV-2
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